After enjoying a growing popularity during the 1990s, the history of archaeology seems to have reached an impasse marked by a scarcity of historical syntheses, a decreasing number of works on the disciplinary past and, more generally, a widespread sense of disorientation. In this chapter, we argue that this impasse can be regarded as the consequence of a certain disconnection the history of archaeology is suffering from the developments that are currently transforming archaeological research. In short, during the last 20 years, archaeology has shifted from being considered as a science largely restricted to academic debates to becoming a public-oriented discipline. Old matters of contention (such as the processual/post-processual debate) have been replaced by new issues mainly related to archaeologists’ greater involvement with contemporary communities (including recent debates concerning globalisation, Indigenous ways of knowing and heritage). While historians of archaeology occasionally discuss these questions, the history of archaeology as a discipline seems somewhat trapped in traditional ways of thinking. To overcome this situation, we suggest in this chapter a number of strategies oriented to rethink the disciplinary past through the lens of our changing present and emerging futures.