Nanomaterials, with their large surface area and reactivity, offer unique benefits in nutrient delivery and retention whereas artificial intelligence approaches offer significant tools for optimising nutrition application strategies and decision-making processes. For sustainable farming techniques to be implemented and ecosystem health to be maintained, soil nutrient management is essential. This chapter presents a comparative analysis of nanomaterials and artificial intelligence (AI) approaches for sustainable nutrient management in soil. Evaluation of both the strategies based on effectiveness, environmental implications and scalability is also done. The results of this study will help to clarify the benefits and drawbacks of using AI and nanomaterials, and it will also provide the guidance for the creation of integrated plans that maximise nutrient availability and sustainably increase soil fertility.