Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) consist of a range of organic compounds, such as Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs), antimicrobials, hormones, fragrances, and sunscreens, which have sparked tremendous environmental concerns in recent years. The continuous usage, distribution, and accumulation of such bioactive compounds magnify the adverse physiological and health issues across diverse trophic levels, starting from a point source (sewage treatment plants, sludge, effluent release point) towards remote areas. Usage of polluted water for irrigation purposes, microbial sludge and animal wastes as manures and dumping in landfills further alters the soil's physiochemical properties, significantly impacting global biogeochemical cycling. Several physical, biological, and chemical strategies have been widely investigated for eliminating PPCPs in different environments. The lack of adequate and sustainable treatment strategies waits to implement eco-friendly and promising techniques like microbial-assisted degradation (bioremediation) processes. Understanding the process influencing parameters (like microbial metabolisms, activity, dynamics of the native microbial communities, and its capacity for genetic alteration, presence of various enzymes, and diverse degradation pathways) plays a crucial role in assessing the process and removal efficiency. Several cutting-edge methods, including omics technologies (metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, metaproteomic, and metabolomics), have recently been successfully applied to characterise and enhance such metabolic machinery and efficiencies via discovering and identifying distinct microbial genes and proteins that are participating in the degradation process. This chapter address and consolidate such advanced molecular approaches for an exhaustive understanding and industrial application of bacterial-based bioremediation of PPCP, with critical insights through omics technologies. Such technological improvements will significantly benefit society by providing new understandings of mechanisms involved at various biomolecular levels to combat the rising environmental concerns.