Plants and associated microorganisms have shown efficient uptake, sequestration and detoxification of heavy metals (HMs) and organic pollutants (OPs) and have been constantly engineered to be used in phytoremediation or biomining as a green, economical and sustainable solution in soil, water and sediments. In this chapter, we introduce the major progress to improve phytoremediation techniques through biotechnology, as well as biomining. First, a detailed description underlying conventional remediation techniques and plant mechanisms for tolerance is provided. Then, the potential phytoaccumulator plant species associated with native or exotic microorganisms are cited, and we provide a critical analysis regarding the ability of the rhizospheric environment to maintain the services, quantity, diversity and functions in plant‒soil ecosystems. Finally, a meta-analysis based on the Scopus database will be introduced, demonstrating the increased relevance of the topic in the current global scenario. This chapter demonstrates the encouraging results and consequently focuses on a multidisciplinary research aspect.