Soil has a multiple role in maintaining the ecological balance of the earth. A good quality soil subsidizes to the growth and development of plants, dietary supplements for human nutrition and regulates the level of water and air. It has become a high global challenge because of rapid anthropological activity to retain the soil fertility and revitalize quality. Some of the major pollutants include heavy metals, pesticides as well as persistent organic pollutants. The plant-based soil bioremediation is a promising technique to eliminate contaminants and prevent the build-up of contaminants. Also, biomass accumulation on plants grown from contaminated soil can be subjected to the production of biofuels by pyrolysis, gasification, hydrothermal liquefaction and microbial electrolysis cell. Furthermore, the improvements in soil bioremediation and biofuel production can be achieved by excellent nano-materials with the help of their high specific area and high reactivity that makes them easier to deliver into soils. This chapter details about the plant assisted soil bioremediation, some of the biologically produced nano-materials and their role as effective enhancers in bioenergy production.