This chapter covers the principles and practicalities of inpatient postoperative pain management in pediatric surgery. An overview of common modalities, their benefits, and pitfalls is given. We begin by considering the approach to the assessment of pain in children and the World Health Organization’s analgesic ladder and progress to discuss non-opioid and opioid options, including consideration of continuous opioid infusions. The use of epidural analgesia, nerve blocks, and wound infusions is covered, and finally non-pharmacological options relevant to the postoperative period are discussed.