The development of an accelerated method to simulate/predict marine atmospheric corrosion would enable the sustainable use of material in coastal areas. A laboratory cyclic corrosion test, as per SAE J2334, was performed on S235 carbon steel specimens under conditions similar to a chloride-rich atmosphere. A comparison with the rust phases formed in an extreme coastal location (Gris-Gris, with a chloride deposition rate of 1788 mg m−2 d−1) shows that exfoliation corrosion occurred in both cases, which is attributed to the formation of an inner and outer layer of predominantly akaganeite and lepidocrocite rust phases, respectively, as revealed by XRD and SEM. Mass loss vs. time follows a typical power law, with an exponent equal to 2.1 thereby confirming marine corrosion characteristics. Following one-year exposure, the mass loss for the laboratory test is predicted to be approximately 30 times higher than Gris-Gris, which shows that such an accelerated test could be very useful for long-term marine corrosion assessment with a timescale correlation.