Pests, weeds, and pathogens are responsible for yield losses and reduced quality of agricultural commodities, threatening food security and human livelihoods. Hence, crop protection is increasingly a crucial challenge for farmers to improve agricultural productivity, particularly in the context of climate change and expanding international trade. Indeed, these factors broaden the possibilities of proliferation and spread of a wide range of biotic threats and invasive species posing risks to crops. In addition to these challenges, traditional monitoring processes are laborious and error-prone, and some conventional protection techniques can have adverse consequences for the environment and human health. Therefore, contemporary agriculture is exploring the use of smart tools for efficient, economical and sustainable methods in the era of digital technologies. In this framework, innovative solutions such as Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) offer potential benefits and can help growers monitor crop health, identify species, quantify damage, and provide appropriate control tactics. Against this backdrop, this chapter explores the potential applications of these cutting-edge technologies for precision crop protection as part of a smart, sustainable agriculture.