The global trend toward decentralization is based on the belief that shifting responsibilities for service delivery to local governments helps to ensure that resources are used in ways that match the needs and priorities of local citizens. This in turn is based on the assumption that there is an adequate system of local accountability and that local citizens are able to participate in decisions concerning the use of resources locally and to hold accountable those who are elected to make decisions on the use of those resources. The question that begs an answer is how is the participation of the poor and the vulnerable effected in county governments or local authorities in Eastern Africa? This chapter presents findings on how the poor and the vulnerable perform in terms of participation. It is based on secondary and primary data and information that was gathered through informant interview. The conclusion is that the poor and the vulnerable meet serious obstacles in attempts to attend meetings and contribute their views. The most affected are women, youth, persons with disabilities (PWDs), and other vulnerable groups such as street families.