While taxonomy in general is not often widely considered a thriving scientific subject, European bee taxonomy is living in an exciting era, pushed by a new generation of taxonomists who are creating room to make the study of European bees more approachable and expanded than ever before. To introduce any interested individual to exploring this vast world inside European fauna, which comprises more than 2000 bee species, this chapter was created in a very practical and intuitive way by considering the main current tools and developments around European bee taxonomy and identification. This work is divided into nine parts, which introduce the existing observed European bee diversity (Sect. 2.1), define the limits of morphological identification (Sect. 2.2), explore the limits of morphological identification (Sect. 2.3), deal with taxonomic literature and related tools (Sects. 2.4 and 2.5, respectively), explain taxonomical nomenclature (Sect. 2.6), develop a systematic identification approach that includes more than just morphological characteristics (Sect. 2.7), emphasizes the importance of well-collected, -processed, and -maintained specimens (Sect. 2.8), and lays out the principles of Apoidea morphology (Sect. 2.9).