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The Pump and Treat (PAT) is an effective remediation technique for the alleviation of pollutants such as industrial effluents and chemicals from the groundwater. This technique involves the extraction of groundwater from one or more pumping wells for the treatment above the ground surface. Remediation of contaminated aquifers is a tedious and resource consuming process. Thus, a proper planning and knowledge of physical processes is extremely essential, which can be achieved by using Simulation–Optimization (SO) models. For PAT, the SO models can be applied for the estimation of fate of contaminants, identification of optimal locations and rate of pumping and injection and analysis of the time and cost required to obtain the desired level of remediation. In this study, the Meshless Local Petrov Galerkin (MLPG) method is used as the simulation tool for solving the contaminant transport equation. The merits of this meshless method over the classic mesh based Finite Difference Method (FDM) and Finite Element Method (FEM), is the exploration of areas within the grids for optimal solutions along with the reduction of preprocessing efforts arising due to the mesh. MLPG being a local weak form meshless method, is robust due to the local integration of the governing partial differential equation. The MLPG model is coupled with Differential Evolution (DE), which is a simple yet efficient optimization technique. The MLPG-DE model is applied for the study of design of PAT remediation plans using a hypothetical heterogeneous aquifer, contaminated with Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), with a maximum value of 1356 mg/l in the aquifer. Since the allowable limit of TDS is 750 mg/l which cannot be achieved through natural attenuation in the specified three years period, the remediation design is presented for this aquifer. Using PAT remediation design by MLPG-DE model, the optimal pumping rates are estimated, and the concentration of TDS is observed to reduce to 734 mg/l in 3 years with a remediation cost of INR 27,55,953. This study highlights the effectiveness of the MLPG-DE model and its capability for the analysis of field problems.

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Groundwater Remediation Using Meshless Local Petrov Galerkin (MLPG) Simulation Coupled with Differential Evolution (DE)

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Sanjukta Das,
  • T. I. Eldho

摘要

The Pump and Treat (PAT) is an effective remediation technique for the alleviation of pollutants such as industrial effluents and chemicals from the groundwater. This technique involves the extraction of groundwater from one or more pumping wells for the treatment above the ground surface. Remediation of contaminated aquifers is a tedious and resource consuming process. Thus, a proper planning and knowledge of physical processes is extremely essential, which can be achieved by using Simulation–Optimization (SO) models. For PAT, the SO models can be applied for the estimation of fate of contaminants, identification of optimal locations and rate of pumping and injection and analysis of the time and cost required to obtain the desired level of remediation. In this study, the Meshless Local Petrov Galerkin (MLPG) method is used as the simulation tool for solving the contaminant transport equation. The merits of this meshless method over the classic mesh based Finite Difference Method (FDM) and Finite Element Method (FEM), is the exploration of areas within the grids for optimal solutions along with the reduction of preprocessing efforts arising due to the mesh. MLPG being a local weak form meshless method, is robust due to the local integration of the governing partial differential equation. The MLPG model is coupled with Differential Evolution (DE), which is a simple yet efficient optimization technique. The MLPG-DE model is applied for the study of design of PAT remediation plans using a hypothetical heterogeneous aquifer, contaminated with Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), with a maximum value of 1356 mg/l in the aquifer. Since the allowable limit of TDS is 750 mg/l which cannot be achieved through natural attenuation in the specified three years period, the remediation design is presented for this aquifer. Using PAT remediation design by MLPG-DE model, the optimal pumping rates are estimated, and the concentration of TDS is observed to reduce to 734 mg/l in 3 years with a remediation cost of INR 27,55,953. This study highlights the effectiveness of the MLPG-DE model and its capability for the analysis of field problems.