Globally land resources and groundwater are naturally available for human utilization. But after globalization and industrialization the use of hazardous chemicals increased due to unmanageable conditions. The chemical disposed on the ground surface and many other anthropogenic activities by humans like use of pesticides and other contaminate the soil and groundwater. Underground storage tanks and pipelines frequently damage the soils and groundwater. The different type of contaminant by percolation through the ground reach to the aquifer and get affected which causes serious problem. Therefore countries spend lot of money and use many technologies to extract and remediate the groundwater contamination. For many years, these polluted sites have been cleaned up using in situ and ex situ bioremediation techniques. These techniques have potential to environmental friendly contamination from soil and groundwater. Therefore the aim of the chapter is provide knowledge about groundwater contamination and its remediation technology. This chapter also provides critical review about in situ and ex situ bioremediation technologies and its applicability. The longer-term success of bioremediation may well depend upon developing environmental friendly and cost-effective treatments techniques for degradation of contaminants, especially in groundwater. Therefore these effort can change country economy and sustainable uses of fresh water.