China has the largest area of plantation forests in the world, but a number of forest insect pests threaten the sustainability of these plantations. Biological control, including augmentative biological control, is one of the approaches that can be used to manage these insect pests. In fact, China was the first country to use this approach. This chapter discusses some of the main forest pests in plantations in China and the augmentative biological control projects implemented to control these pests. Specifically, we summarize the augmentative biological control of the fall webworm Hyphantria cunea (Drury) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae), pine moths Dendrolimus spp. (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae), Asian longhorned beetle Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), Japanese pine sawyer Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), oak longhorned borer Massicus raddei (Blessig) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), white-striped longhorn beetle Batocera lineolata Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), and apple jewel beetle Agrilus mali Matsumara (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). The occurrence, screening of candidate natural enemies, mass rearing of selected natural enemies, field release of biological control agents, and evaluation of biological control program are summarized for each species of these forest pests. The advantages and disadvantages of augmentative biological control in plantations in China are discussed as well as the further development of augmentative biological control in China.