This introductory chapter lays the groundwork for examining the crucial role that higher education institutions (HEIs) play in mitigating and adapting to climate change, emphasizing the case studies of Fiji and Indonesia. An overview of the global climate problem focuses on the disproportionate effects on tiny island states and developing countries. To influence policy and practice at the local, national, and regional levels, the chapter emphasizes the unique position that HEIs hold as catalysts for research, innovation, and community engagement. Using a comparative approach, it looks at the potential and problems faced by HEIs in Indonesia and Fiji. These two countries are particularly vulnerable to climate change because of their geographic and socioeconomic settings. Incorporating climate change into curricula, developing partnerships for sustainable development, and increasing capacity through community engagement are some of the main themes discussed in this chapter.