This concluding chapter reflects on the main issues raised in the volume, summarising theoretical and empirical findings, deriving key lessons and avenues for future research. Overall, it draws on the variety of theoretical inputs, industrialising experiences and development trajectories collected in the book to reflect on the meaning of Global Value Chain (GVC) integration for emerging auto industries and industrialising economies, and on the multiplicity of variables that affect such industrialisation strategy. In doing this, it also tries to extract some common patterns and shareable lessons. In particular, the chapter concludes that geographic position, regional economic integration, and automotive industrialisation are interrelated, but that regional economic integration alone may be insufficient to promote industrialisation. Further, it confirms that state-firm relations play a significant role in the development of industry. Unfortunately, the findings of individual contributions also show that labour is mostly placed on the receiving end, and is often not systematically included in development strategies and policies. In relation to policies, country case studies also highlight that most nations still pursue the creation of integrated industries which contradicts the Global Value Chain logic of specialisation. Instead of concluding that policymakers lack an understanding of value chains, it is argued that practical reasons exist that actively call for the pursuit of integrated industrial sectors. Finally, the chapter reflects on issues related to the ongoing transformation of the industry through processes of electrification and digitalisation, and on what these represent for emerging economies.