This introductory chapter offers a comprehensive description of gastric cancer and its surgical oncological management. It details the various stages of gastric cancer, highlighting their implications for treatment decisions. The chapter discusses the surgical approaches used in managing the disease, with an emphasis on the importance of selecting the appropriate technique based on the cancer’s stage. Additionally, it explores the main reconstruction methods following gastric resection shedding light on their influence on patient's quality of life, nutritional status and potential complications.