Changes in the Employment Structure in India from 2012 to 2020: A Trend Towards Job Upgrading and De-routinization
摘要
This paper analyses employment growth across occupations and sectors in India for the period that goes from 2011–12 to 2019–20. Using data from the National Sample Survey Organisation and the Periodic Labour Force Survey, this study finds evidence of mid-upgrading (relatively higher employment growth in low-mid paid and high-paid jobs) in India during the study period, where jobs are ranked using median daily wages in 2011–12. A decomposition analysis reveals that this pattern is due to the employment growth in jobs in Construction, Wholesale & retail trade, and Transport, storage and communication industries in India. The study also finds a reduction in the employment share of routine task-intensive occupations along with a growth in employment in non-routine task-intensive occupations (both manual and cognitive) in both rural and urban India.