Conclusions
摘要
A thorough experimental program at the element scale has been devised to acquire essential data regarding the dynamic properties and liquefaction susceptibility of sand sourced from the Vardar River terraces, known as Skopje sand. Despite the absence of documented historic liquefaction events, the high susceptibility of these sands and the significant earthquake damage witnessed during the 1963 Skopje earthquake underscore the imperative for assessment and enhanced comprehension of soil behavior under cyclic loading within the scientific and engineering communities.