Drought is a recurrent and one of the most frequent hydroclimatic natural calamities. It becomes worse when rainfall decreases and evaporative demand increases. Concerns regarding the impact of drought in subtropical regions such as Bangladesh are mounting due to anticipated increases in urbanization and uncertainty in rainfall distribution brought on by climate change. Therefore, comprehending drought conditions’ spatial and temporal dynamics is imperative to uphold sustainable policies and human resource development. This chapter aims to characterize the spatial and temporal drought patterns in the north-western part of Bangladesh using the China Z Index (CZI). The north-western region shows varying degrees of drought severity and intensity throughout the year. The annual CZI values for meteorological stations Rangpur, Dinajpur, Bogra, Rajshahi, and Pabna exhibit a range of negative values, indicating potential drought conditions in the region. Results indicate that mostly normal meteorological droughts recurred in the 2000s, while the 1990s and 2010s witnessed more extreme drought events. The overall trend reveals fluctuations in CZI values over the years. Like the mid-1980s, certain periods exhibit relatively stable conditions, with CZI values hovering around zero while mostly normal meteorological droughts recurred in the 2000s, and the 1990s and 2010s witnessed more extreme drought events. The occasional occurrence of extreme drought conditions highlights the sporadic nature of severe drought in many areas of the northern part of the country. The CZI values provide insights into the dynamic nature of drought in the region, emphasizing the importance of continuous monitoring and adaptive strategies to mitigate the impact of water scarcity. This study has also found a significant strong relationship between CZI and the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). Both indexes emphasize fluctuations in drought severity, underlining the region's vulnerability and the need for continuous monitoring and adaptive strategies. This information is crucial for understanding and managing drought-related challenges in the area and similar regions elsewhere.