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This chapter offers a thorough examination of hydro-geological hazards and the pivotal role played by Geographic Information Science (GIScience) and Earth Observation (EO) technology in their analysis. Hydro-geological hazards, stemming from the intricate interplay of geological, hydrological, and climatic factors, present substantial threats to human lives, infrastructure, and the environment. Addressing these hazards effectively requires a multidisciplinary approach that harnesses the capabilities of GIScience and EO technology. GIScience serves as the foundational framework for integrating EO data with other geospatial information, thereby enriching our understanding of hydro-geological processes. The utilization of GIScience and EO technology facilitates a comprehensive understanding of these hazards, their root causes, and the formulation of effective mitigation strategies. Throughout the hazard management cycle, these tools empower users with robust capabilities for data collection, analysis, modelling, and decision support. This chapter delves into the fundamental concepts of hydro-geological hazards, GIScience, and EO technology, tracing the evolution of GIS and remote sensing and exploring their diverse applications in hazard analysis. Real-world examples are provided to illustrate their successful utilization in hazard assessment and management. Moreover, the chapter highlights recent advancements in EO data capture, such as enhanced spatial resolutions, multispectral bands, and the availability of frequent satellite imagery. Furthermore, the chapter examines the transformative influence of artificial intelligence (AI) in augmenting hazard mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery efforts. By offering comprehensive insights, this chapter underscores the profound potential of GIScience and EO technology in confronting the dynamic challenges posed by hydro-geological hazards. It advocates for sustained research and innovation in this critical field to foster resilience and sustainability in hazard management practices.

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GIScience and Earth Observation Technology in Hydro-Geological Hazard Study—An Overview

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Md. Rejaur Rahman,
  • Atiqur Rahman,
  • S. K. Saha

摘要

This chapter offers a thorough examination of hydro-geological hazards and the pivotal role played by Geographic Information Science (GIScience) and Earth Observation (EO) technology in their analysis. Hydro-geological hazards, stemming from the intricate interplay of geological, hydrological, and climatic factors, present substantial threats to human lives, infrastructure, and the environment. Addressing these hazards effectively requires a multidisciplinary approach that harnesses the capabilities of GIScience and EO technology. GIScience serves as the foundational framework for integrating EO data with other geospatial information, thereby enriching our understanding of hydro-geological processes. The utilization of GIScience and EO technology facilitates a comprehensive understanding of these hazards, their root causes, and the formulation of effective mitigation strategies. Throughout the hazard management cycle, these tools empower users with robust capabilities for data collection, analysis, modelling, and decision support. This chapter delves into the fundamental concepts of hydro-geological hazards, GIScience, and EO technology, tracing the evolution of GIS and remote sensing and exploring their diverse applications in hazard analysis. Real-world examples are provided to illustrate their successful utilization in hazard assessment and management. Moreover, the chapter highlights recent advancements in EO data capture, such as enhanced spatial resolutions, multispectral bands, and the availability of frequent satellite imagery. Furthermore, the chapter examines the transformative influence of artificial intelligence (AI) in augmenting hazard mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery efforts. By offering comprehensive insights, this chapter underscores the profound potential of GIScience and EO technology in confronting the dynamic challenges posed by hydro-geological hazards. It advocates for sustained research and innovation in this critical field to foster resilience and sustainability in hazard management practices.