Modern globalized society is characterized by mobility and change, phenomena that directly affect the wider language community. The inhabitants of Slovenia and Europe in general need multilingual skills, but there is extremely little empirical research presented in literature, especially in the Slovenian educational context. Multilingualism needs to be constantly explored, and different, often inadequate understandings of language learning, which do not support multilingualism and are firmly internalized among certain individuals, must be monitored. The aim of the present research was to investigate pupils’ and students’ (N = 2882) knowledge, skills and attitudes towards multilingualism and to obtain data on their use of languages. The research relied on descriptors of multilingual ability (FREPA/CARAP). A questionnaire with 36 questions was constructed for this purpose and it consisted of three parts, namely the first part with demographic data of participants (15 questions), the second part with data on language use (19 questions) and the third part, in which the participants commented on their knowledge, skills and attitudes towards multilingualism (2 questions with 63 statements). The research indicated the pupils’ and students’ positive attitudes towards multilingualism and a great deal of curiosity regarding foreign languages and foreign language learning. However, it should not be disregarded that a certain proportion of pupils and students still does not fully perceive the value of multilingualism and remains undecided, or they recognize monolingualism as the norm.