Climate Change is adversely affecting the Indian agriculture sector. Being more than 60% of the cultivable area under rainfed conditions, climate change will seriously pose a threat to the food security of the nation. Climate change has changed the dynamics of pest, weed, crop-weather relations, nutrient cycling and has finally affected the crop yields. Many studies have reported a reduction in yield levels to the tune of 9–18% in major food crops under various climate change scenarios. Several adaptation strategies, starting from changing in sowing dates, use of climate smart varieties, improved agronomic practices, soil and water conservation measures are being recommended to minimize the risk of climate hazards. The contribution of agriculture sector to greenhouse gas emission is about 14%. Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture can be achieved primarily be enhancing the resource use efficiency. Various practices like reduced tillage, crop rotations, site specific nutrient management, direct seeded rice cultivation etc. can aid in reducing the emissions from agricultural systems. Sequestration of carbon in soils with the help of organic manure application, mulching of crop residues, cover crops needs to be promoted. Bottom up approach i.e., requirements from farmer level to recommendation is much more important as most of the adaptation strategies are location specific technologies. Proper harnessing of agromet advisory services and timely following of recommended practices can boost the resilience of production system to ill effects of climate change. Further, scientific actions, policies, institutional support to develop scalable and sustainable technologies are needed to enhance the capacity of all stakeholders involving researchers, farmers and service providers to combat the climate change.