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Climate change is intensifying fungi-related diseases in oilseeds, with Macrophomina phaseolina causing significant yield losses in sesame. This study assessed the impact of weather indices (temperature, rainfall, humidity) on charcoal rot in sesame cv. Prachi and tested control measures using microbial antagonists and natural products. Field experiments in Eastern India during 2022 and 2023 revealed a strong positive correlation between maximum temperature and disease incidence. Regression analysis predicted disease occurrence with 80–98% accuracy, highlighting temperature and rainfall as key predictors. The most effective control involved treating seeds with Trichoderma viride and Pseudomonas fluorescens, combined with soil applications enriched with farmyard manure and neem cake, reducing disease incidence to 5.6–6.3% and boosting yields to 970–856 kg/ha. These findings suggest that integrating these natural treatments could effectively manage charcoal rot in a changing climate, aiding early detection and reducing input costs while improving production.

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Weather-Induced Variability in Charcoal Rot Incidence in Sesame and Sustainable Mitigation Approaches

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Ashutosh Nanda,
  • Elssa Pandit,
  • Nirakar Ranasingh,
  • Araya Kumar Biswamohan Mohapatra,
  • Curie Parhi,
  • Pramila Naik,
  • Rajiv Kumar Srivastava,
  • Uttam Kumar Sahoo

摘要

Climate change is intensifying fungi-related diseases in oilseeds, with Macrophomina phaseolina causing significant yield losses in sesame. This study assessed the impact of weather indices (temperature, rainfall, humidity) on charcoal rot in sesame cv. Prachi and tested control measures using microbial antagonists and natural products. Field experiments in Eastern India during 2022 and 2023 revealed a strong positive correlation between maximum temperature and disease incidence. Regression analysis predicted disease occurrence with 80–98% accuracy, highlighting temperature and rainfall as key predictors. The most effective control involved treating seeds with Trichoderma viride and Pseudomonas fluorescens, combined with soil applications enriched with farmyard manure and neem cake, reducing disease incidence to 5.6–6.3% and boosting yields to 970–856 kg/ha. These findings suggest that integrating these natural treatments could effectively manage charcoal rot in a changing climate, aiding early detection and reducing input costs while improving production.