Tribal communities have intricate ecological relationships with their surroundings and developed Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) over the centuries. This knowledge can assist in detecting early signs of climate change variability and helps in formulating effective strategies for climate change mitigation and adaptation. However, this indigenous knowledge has not been well documented locally. The present study aims to understand the utilization of trees for traditional medicinal purposes by the Mahadev Koli tribe inhabiting along the Northern Western Ghats (NWGs), Maharashtra, India. Semi-structured and structured interviews were conducted with the traditional healers of the study area. The results showed that 51 tree species belonging to 41 genera and 25 families are used for medicinal purposes by the Mahadev Koli tribe. Fabaceae was the most dominant family with seven tree species, followed by Moraceae with six tree species used for medicinal purposes. Among the plant part used, tree bark was the most commonly utilized part of the plant, representing 24.8% of the medicinal formulation by traditional healers. It is followed closely by the leaves (23.1%) and fruits (20.5%). In conclusion, the present study showed that the local repository of TEK possessed by Mahadev Koli can help formulate future strategies for the sustainable management of local diversity in changing climate.