Groundwater is an essential water source for various purposes, including drinking, irrigation, and industrial use worldwide. However, over the years, groundwater levels have been steadily declining due to the high agricultural demand for food security, industrial development needs, and the growing global population. This situation is further exacerbated by rising temperatures resulting from climate change, which increase water demand. Additionally, climate change not only impacts groundwater quantity but also has the potential to affect its chemical and physical properties. In this chapter, we explore the vulnerability of groundwater to climate change and discuss how shifts in climate can influence groundwater storage in terms of both physical changes and chemical composition. Furthermore, we delve into groundwater vulnerability assessment and management within the context of climate change adaptation strategies.