Sustainable agricultural engineering integrates scientific research, technological advancements, and practical applications to create environmentally friendly and efficient farming systems. This review explores recent innovations in soil science, plant biotechnology, precision agriculture, renewable energy, water management, and pest control. By examining these areas, we highlight how modern agricultural techniques enhance productivity while minimizing ecological impact. Key technologies such as advanced irrigation systems, genetic modifications, and renewable energy sources are analyzed for their roles in promoting sustainability. Practical applications demonstrate the tangible benefits of integrating these advancements on farms, showcasing improved crop yields and resource efficiency. This review also addresses the challenges faced in implementing sustainable practices and proposes future research directions to overcome these hurdles. The findings underscore the importance of a holistic approach that combines scientific knowledge, cutting-edge technology, and practical solutions to achieve long-term sustainability in agriculture.