Aromatic plants, or medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) are various plant taxa with the ability to synthesize different groups of bioactive aroma compounds. These plants are utilized for their fragrant or therapeutic qualities, but also due to the production of pharmaceuticals, dyes and colorants, plant protection products, essential oils, and numerous intermediates. In recent years, aroma has received increased attention as an important characteristic of plant quality. The demand for MAPs is growing worldwide, still, in cultivation processes, humans rely greatly on plant genetic resources and genetic diversity to improve agricultural productivity and resilience. Among the important achievements in recent years is the possibility to modify the metabolite conversion enzymatic pathway, consequently neutralizing undesirable chemical properties and improving the quality of secondary metabolites. It is thought to be a good practice to introduce aromatic and medicinal plant species into cultivation to protect plant biodiversity and to achieve high production of good-quality raw materials with stable and reproducible properties. Having in mind a great diversity of MAPs, both morphologically and physiologically in the quantity and quality of bioactive compound synthesis and their bioactivity, there is a substantial opportunity for further research to unravel the specific mechanisms of bioactive compounds’ synthesis and to introduce changes to obtain desire characteristics.