Radiation therapy, used as a treatment for most intraocular malignancies, leads to various ocular complications, including radiation-induced dry eye, cataracts, secondary glaucoma from neovascularization of the iris, scleral necrosis, retinopathy, and optic neuropathy. In this chapter, we review the ocular side effects of radiation administered from brachytherapy, proton beam radiation therapy, and external beam radiation therapy and their potential treatments. Emphasis is placed on radiation retinopathy and optic neuropathy, the two most visually significant complications of radiation therapy.