Artificial intelligence (AI) tools known as conversational agents have shown great promise for managing chronic diseases in healthcare systems. This study explores the state of the art, recent developments, and possible future directions in the field of conversational agents for healthcare-assisted chronic illness management. This study provides a thorough analysis by looking at current innovations, trends, and implementation-related practical considerations. Important discoveries highlight conversational agents’ acceptability, effectiveness, and usability and highlight how they can help with chronic illness self-management. The incorporation of conversational agents into healthcare practices is recommended as a practical measure to enhance patient engagement, self-care, and disease monitoring. In order to improve the efficacy and reliability of these agents, future research directions emphasize the necessity of thorough clinical trials, strict technical reporting, and personalized guidelines. The present study enhances our comprehension of the significance of conversational agents in transforming approaches to managing chronic illnesses.