This chapter explores the challenges faced by women attempting to integrate into scientific and technological fields in the early years of Israel (Yishuv period and early statehood). The chapter opens by highlighting the universal exclusion of women from science, a phenomenon evident in both the USA and Europe, where many Jewish women pursued higher education in science. It then provides an overview of the limited opportunities and the difficulties that, despite the declared Zionist ideal of equality, women in Israel met with when attempting to enter academic and professional scientific fields. The chapter also introduces some of the few exceptions to the general rule, and focuses particularly on the cases of those involved in agricultural research. By examining the historical context and comparing Israel’s situation to global trends, the chapter sheds light on the specificities of the struggle for gender fairness in science and technology, as manifested in a society whose declared ethos promoted equality and inclusion.