Aquaculture biotechnology plays a pivotal role in enhancing food security and nutrition by improving the efficiency, sustainability, and productivity of aquaculture systems. Through the application of advanced genetic techniques, such as genomic selection, marker-assisted selection, and transgenesis, significant strides have been made in breeding fish with superior traits, including faster growth rates, disease resistance, and improved feed conversion efficiency. These advancements help optimize the use of limited natural resources, thereby supporting the sustainable expansion of aquaculture to meet the growing global demand for high-quality protein. Additionally, biotechnology aids in the development of functional feeds that enhance the nutritional profile of farmed fish, increasing their content of essential fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals. This not only improves the health of the fish but also provides enhanced nutritional benefits to consumers. The integration of biotechnological innovations also extends to disease management, with the development of novel vaccines and probiotics that reduce reliance on antibiotics and mitigate environmental impacts. Furthermore, biotechnological tools facilitate the monitoring and improvement of water quality, ensuring healthier rearing conditions and reducing mortality rates. Overall, the application of aquaculture biotechnology is instrumental in addressing the challenges of food security and nutrition, fostering sustainable aquaculture practices that contribute to the well-being of both the global population and the environment.