Human Elephant Conflicts (HECs) in Sri Lanka have critically soared during the previous three decades with the rapid deforestation due to under-assessed development activities and drastic changes in the land use pattern. Ironically, Sri Lanka is believed to have the world’s second-highest human and elephant deaths caused by HECs next to India and is considered the most HEC-intensive country in the world. Authorities in Sri Lanka have taken several actions to alleviate the issue, yet the mitigation strategies seem less effective as annual human and elephant deaths, casualties and property damages have dramatically increased over the years. Horowpothana Elephant Holding Ground (HEHG) was established in 2015 within Horowpothana National Park with the objective of reducing altercations between humans and ‘rogue elephants (The Wildlife officials as well as the general public use the term ‘problem elephants’, which can be translated as rogue elephant. We use the same term in order to reflect the local usage of the term without attributing the local connotations)’ by detaining them for a certain period in a fence-protected area. Due to various implications encountered with the HEHG, authorities proposed an elephant rehabilitation centre, to be established within the Lunugamwehera National Park, to fence off the ‘rogue elephants’ effectively and to protect both human and elephant lives. The proposed Lunugamwehera Elephant Rehabilitation Centre (PERC) is probably the first elephant rehabilitation center of that kind in the world. This chapter aims to discuss key challenges and potentials of built environment solutions in mitigating HEC in Sri Lanka, through the examination of HEHG and the PERC. A considerable number of elephants detained in the HEHG died prematually due to starvation. Poor assessment on land selection, inadequate habitat development, lack of infrastructure, weak maintenance and monitoring plagued the HEHG making it inappropriate and unhealthy for elephants. Insights from HEHG could be used in planning the PERC to be healthier as a built elephant habitat for the purpose. The chapter further discusses the way of incorporating lessons from the HEHG. In terms of methods of data collection, we employed semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions to collect primary data aligned with the multi-method qualitative approach. Data was collected from wildlife experts, wildlife officers, public officers, local-level politicians, religious leaders, and communities in two project areas.