The Copper Belt of central Africa hosts the world’s largest sedimentary-hosted Cu resource. Primary ore consists of sulfide minerals, chiefly chalcopyrite, bornite, chalcocite, and carrollite hosted in siliclastic and carbonate host rocks. Multiple stages of weathering and erosion from the Miocene onwards have resulted in extensive oxidation of the primary deposits, the intensity of which reflects depth, brecciation, tectonics, and the presence of karstic features that have acted as conduits for meteoric fluids. Much of the ore mined to date has been of high-grade supergene mineralization formed during this period. Extensive development of malachite, chrysocolla and other secondary Cu minerals has occurred through groundwater flow, whereas heterogenite formed by residual enrichment and profile denudation has been responsible for high-grade Co and Mn concentrations in surface zones.