Supergene Gold Deposits in Intensely Weathered Regolith
摘要
Supergene Au deposits are commonly found in highly weathered landscapes in humid sub-tropical and tropical climates, including savannas, equatorial rainforests and some adjacent Mediterranean areas. They are also present in climatic zones, such as semi-arid belts, where humid tropical climates prevailed in the past. Their formation involves physical accumulation and chemical and biological redistribution of Au during ore-body weathering and sedimentary processes. Based on regolith-landform evolution and Au distribution in the weathered profile, three types of Au enrichments occur in the regolith. These include (i) ferruginous gravel and duricrust (FGD) deposits, in which enrichment is in residual nodules and pisoliths (lateritic residuum) and/or ferruginized sediments (ferricrete) overlying upper parts of residual profiles (ii) saprolitic deposits, where enrichment is in the lower part (saprolite, saprock) of residual profile overlain by FGD or Au-poor saprolite and/or mottled zone and (iii) paleochannel deposits, in which the enrichment is either in the saprock or saprolite below-transported paleochannel sand or clays or within the basal clays. Short descriptions of the Igarapé Bahia, Brazil and Moolart Well, Australia, deposits illustrate different styles of supergene Au mineralization in contrasting climatic environments.