Demonstrating the Phenomenon of “Normalization of Deviance”
摘要
Often, groups of scientists and engineers go to extreme lengths to test and re-test various design concepts and construction techniques. Immersed in an isolated and high-stress environment, these groups develop a false sense that their products are “fail-safe,” “full-proof,” and “invincible.” Over time, the group accepts a lower and lower standard of performance until that standard becomes the new “norm.” This phenomenon is known as “Normalization of Deviance,” since the departure from a higher, more robust standard has been normalized.