Architecture and Rural Landscape for Sustainable Development in Tanzania
摘要
The need to safeguard cultural heritage, create inclusive societies, and pay attention to the environmental landscape has made it possible to build new synergies aimed at creating sustainable construction and housing systems and methodologies. The document produced by the China-Africa Conference on Population and Development (CACPD) states that the vision articulated by Agenda 2063 of Africa We Want aspires to an integrated and prosperous Africa, reflecting on inclusive growth and sustainable development, identifying the African cultural system as a reference paradigm in terms of strategic choices relating to development and planning. In this rapidly evolving landscape, the Tanzanian (and more generally sub-Saharan) construction, housing, and technological question often assumes spontaneous and disjointed characteristics: analyzing the concept of vernacular architecture today contemplates the identification of methods that are not dictated by the fascination exercised on Western architecture through the importation of dreamlike reinterpretations of environmental systems and cultural spheres, but concerting a new methodology with local knowledge, the traditional spheres linked to sociological studies and the constructive realities that actually operate on the territory. Architectural regionalisms and rural development are to be considered as a field of research on the use of materials in a sustainable built environment, they are the “place” in which to investigate and analyze the ways in which the different materials are used in the “non-pedigreed architecture” of the whole world. One of the purposes of this study is to understand how they can be recognized and validated as a factor of cultural and environmental sustainability. Through a series of architectural projects undertaken since 2009 aimed at supporting rural communities in the Iringa Region (Tanzania), Demonstration Farms have been identified as potential vectors for promoting best practices in the area. This involves an inclusive and widespread academic system aimed at sharing knowledge related to agricultural and rural communities, integrated into the landscape, and culturally relevant. These spaces provide an opportunity to disseminate a new concept of architecture formed on the cultural traditions of traditional living spaces deeply linked to agriculture, responding to the needs of emancipation from poverty and aspiring to enhance the autopoietic process of culture and sustainable settlements.