This introduction explains the immediate and long-term causes of constitutional reform in Chile, with a focus on the 2019 estallido, as well as the range of forces that led a majority to reject the 2022 text. Multiple, often contradictory, factors motivated Chileans both to take to the streets in 2019 and vote to reject the constitution. This introduction examines the various political and institutional dynamics which eroded support for constitutional reform. With the benefit of hindsight, these dynamics might have been handled differently, underscoring the need to learn from this process.