The significance of food as a fundamental human right is emphasized by its inclusion in basic rights frameworks worldwide. Eliminating hunger is a top priority for the United Nations’s sustainable development goals. But doing this involves a variety of strategies, with agriculture being the key component. Food insecurity has affected 71% of households worldwide in recent times and conditions are worsening due to factors such as global climate change. To fulfill the world’s food demands by 2050, agricultural productivity must rise by 70%; however, biotic and abiotic stressors make this difficult. Climate change makes these challenges more severe, emphasizing the necessity of resilience-building strategies in the food-producing industry. Furthermore, food security is threatened by the dependence on just a few of the important major crops, emphasizing the significance of promoting minor crops into mainstream agriculture. Vigna radiata (Mungbean) is a minor crop that is high in nutrients and allows smallholder farmers to increase profitability and sustainability. India and China are the main producers of mungbean, though it is cultivated in many places. However, mungbean confronts challenges from diseases, pests, and stressors brought on by climate change. It will take scientific breakthroughs in breeding and cultivation techniques to address these issues. Enhancing the nutritional content of mungbean and making it more resilient to stress should be the main goals of the research. Furthermore, mungbean integration into cropping systems and promoting conservation agriculture can reduce soil degradation and increase production. To ensure the resilience, productivity, and sustainability of mungbean cultivation, especially in areas susceptible to environmental pressures and food insecurity, it is imperative to fill knowledge gaps and adopt sustainable methods. This underscores the importance of holistic approaches in addressing global food security challenges.