The family Fabeaceae consisting of legumes includes over 20,000 species and a highly valued food in most Indian households. The high protein content of legumes is expected to eradicate malnutrition and help control poverty in developing nations. Along with protein, legumes are a rich source of biologically active molecules such as ROS, antioxidants and vitamins. Increase in human population and driven the need for more cultivation although the cultivable land is decreasing. Needless to say, climate changes have altered the metabolic activity and immunity of several legume crops. Thus, a biotechnological approach is required to meet these adversities. Genetic transformation of plants has been explored for enhanced nutritional value, immunity and yield of legumes. Methods such as RNA interference, mutation breeding and direct gene transfer are instrumental in improving legume crop yield. Gene editing technique like CRISPR/Cas9 are being used nowadays to improve flavour, and develop hybrids in leguminous plants.