Questions of how to reconcile religion and economics have always been of high interest within the Moravian Church, which used communal entrepreneurship for its financing from an early stage. While following an active process of enlarging and restructuring the church’s business unit towards larger industrial enterprises, their theologians found themselves confronted with a fundamental refusal of church entrepreneurship generally from the laity in the diaspora, a crucial area of religious work for the Moravians. An alternative concept of church finance by voluntary donations seemed to be theologically more thoroughly founded, an idea presumably being confirmed by the rapid growth of many new religious actors, coming mainly from America and England. The chapter explores how these theological challenges by the numerically clearly superior laity influenced the debates in the Moravian Church and whether consequences of the understanding or even organisation of its entrepreneurship could be noted which is interpreted as a conflict agenda of the popular.