A main characteristic of Arabian Gulf countries is their oil wealth; however, this factor alone does not preclude viewing their state and criminal justice apparatuses through the lens of Southern Criminology. When noting power relations and colonial histories, significant postcolonial patterns of minoritization, criminalization, and police violence are commensurate with those in the Global South. This chapter examines the subjugation of minoritized ethnic and religious peoples in Arabian Gulf’s pre-colonial, colonial, and postcolonial police institutions over the longue durée. It uses a historical-sociological analysis to follow threads of state and police criminalization, discrimination, and violence. The chapter concludes that British colonial control of these countries cemented pre-existing discriminatory policing in a hybridized form—a key antecedent toward an understanding of criminal justice and police violence in the region today. This chapter represents a preliminary foray into reshaping the cognitive landscape of criminal justice-related knowledge production about this understudied region.