This chapter will analyse the case of Sicily as a colonial case, arguing that the dominant representation of Sicily, as well as providing the justification for class divisions, has from the inception of Italian independence also legitimised a widespread police repression upon a population that has always been considered by the Italians as anti-legality. My standpoint will be that of Carrington, Hogg and Sozzo (Br J Criminol 56(1):1–20, 2016). The South is not a geographical category, but may apply wherever uneven social and political relations develop, and subjugated populations are depicted as backward and unable to progress to the liberal stage. I will also use the category of colonial police as forged by Mike Brogden (Br J Criminol 27(1)4–14, 1987) insofar as it explains the attitude of Continental officers towards the Sicilian population. The connection between a colonial approach and repressive measures will be brought to the fore. In particular, the relation between repression, colonial ideology and the maintenance of existing class and power relations will be highlighted. Consequently, Cosa Nostra, though weakened, is far from being defeated and new raids, new repressive measures, are demanded, fuelling a vicious cycle. Only a popular anti-mafia movement, I will argue in the end, can really be successful insofar as it will be possible to scrub off colonial ideology.