This chapter examines the politics of socio-environmental harm in Brazil by situating it within the intersection of capitalist and colonial dynamics. Moving beyond conventional dichotomies of legality/illegality and normality/disaster, we engage with the emerging concepts of green colonialism, climate coloniality, expanded extractivism and entangled accumulation. We argue that socio-environmental harm emerges from the triangulation of expanded reproduction, accumulation by dispossession and colonial difference, which together externalise ecological costs onto marginalised territories and populations. Through an analysis of deforestation and mining, we demonstrate how environmental harms are not accidents but constitutive features of Brazil’s extractivist model. The chapter illuminates the crucial role of intermediaries, legal manoeuvres and extractive coalitions in sustaining harm, revealing how capitalist accumulation actively manages ecological devastation as a calculated risk distributed through colonial logics of difference.