Breeding Plants Resilient to Climate Change
摘要
Climate change is increasingly impacting biodiversity, agricultural production, and food security, leading to climate-driven extinctions. In plants, it affects species distribution, extinction rates, reproduction timings, and growing season lengths. Climate change has also disrupted marine, terrestrial, and freshwater ecosystems worldwide, causing the loss of local species, increased diseases, and mass animal mortality. Anticipated future climate changes include rising temperatures, more severe droughts, rising sea levels, potential decreases in rainfall, regional flooding, and reduced water availability. These factors could severely threaten agricultural production and food security, including production, access, and prices. Insect attacks will occur more frequently as a result of rising temperatures exacerbating the effects of drought and decreasing soil moisture. Using advanced breeding techniques, crop varieties that are climate-resilient must be developed in order to both adapt to and mitigate the effects of climate change. By creating environmentally friendly plant varieties with high yields, reduced pesticide requirements, and pest resistance, plant breeding can increase food production per unit area. Novel breeding programs can significantly impact crop improvement by targeting precise genome changes. Genomic-assisted breeding assists in annotating information obtained from pan-genomes, helping capture lost genes that can optimize breeding programs. New breeding techniques using CRISPR/Cas genome editing are promising candidates for promoting sustainability and environmental protection. Through their application, beneficial climate-resilient crops that target both biotic and abiotic stresses have been developed, greatly enhancing crop performance. de nova Building resistance against biotic and abiotic stress has many uses for CRISPR/Cas systems, such as base editing, prime editing, and epigenome editing. Combining genome editing with speed breeding can result in crops that are climate-adapted, which is essential for maintaining global food security.