Climate change is introduced within the context of public health, providing a comprehensive and updated resource for epidemiologists, public health, and environmental health professionals. Published studies link the impacts of climate change on public health with increases in respiratory illnesses and changes in the patterns of vector-borne and infectious diseases, including food-borne and waterborne illnesses. Climate change may affect the pattern of schistosomiasis infection, transmission, and the distribution of their snail intermediate hosts. Additionally, the impacts of climate change on environmental pollutants and their public health risks are defined. Public health nutrition is discussed considering upcoming climate changes. This chapter incorporates epidemiological tools, such as surveillance, risk estimation, modeling, and artificial intelligence, in studying and managing climate change’s impact on public health. Strategies for mitigation and adaptation for sustainable global food systems are discussed. Furthermore, the public mental health impacts due to climate change and natural disasters are considered, with a specific focus on women’s health. Public health strategies and priority actions for mitigation, adaptation, and resilience are addressed. Research gaps are identified and highlighted.