This chapter examines migration and asylum governance instruments and how their implementation is affecting status determination, vulnerability, and rights, especially the right to work, in Brazil. Especial interest was devoted to one country-specific asylum governance instrument, “Welcome Operation”, designed to deal with the most significant arrival of refugees in Brazil, caused by the humanitarian crisis in Venezuela. Reflecting upon ASILE’s concerns, the inclusionary and exclusionary aspects of the innovative solutions adopted in Brazil were examined. As for “Welcome Operation”, despite the official labelling being on “welcome”, the militarization of the borders and the security concerns behind the system were made evident. As for the right to work, although formally recognized, asylum seekers and refugees face obstacles in finding formal work and in accessing decent work. In addition, despite prima facie recognition to Venezuelan asylum seekers, protraction in recognizing the refugee status has put pressure on applicants to opt for residency. Finally, structural vulnerabilities that disproportionately affect certain groups—racial, ethnic of gender based—may be reinforced by the same migration governance instruments that are supposed to deal with them.