The FSO communication systems provide major advantages of large bandwidth, quick installation, and inherent security. These advantages can only be harnessed once we are aware of the various degrading factors that affect the signal transmission. The main aspects of atmospheric turbulence and pointing error need to be accurately modeled for this purpose. In this chapter, complete mathematical formulation has been explored for the modeling of optical signal fading in FSO communication using the \(\alpha \) - \(\mu \) statistical distribution. To elaborate more about the importance of cooperative relaying strategy, the hybrid radio frequency and FSO systems have been presented. Within the specified system, the radio frequency hop of the amplify-and-forward (AF) system is presumed to undergo Rayleigh distributed fading, while the relay to destination link incorporates the effects of pointing errors on the optical wavelength. More specifically, the complex nature of atmospheric turbulence on the wireless optical channel has been modeled using the novel mathematical model. Further, the investigation extends to the analysis of outage probability and bit error rate (BER) for the considered ecosystem, presenting closed-form expressions articulated in terms of Meijer-G functions. Furthermore, an analysis of ergodic capacity for the cooperative relaying system is conducted, resulting in a closed-form expression represented in terms of bivariate Fox’s H function. This chapter also presents the analysis of decode-and-forward (DF) mixed RF/FSO relaying system in terms of outage probability. This comprehensive study sheds light on the influence of turbulence, pointing errors, the chosen optical demodulation scheme, and the binary modulation schemes employed within the RF/FSO relaying network. The numerical results about system performance based on the derived metrics are meticulously illustrated and validated through the Monte Carlo simulation results.