Plastic is one of the most widely used materials in the economy and the most enduring pollutant on the planet. It permeates every aspect of human existence, appearing in everything from food packaging to apparel and pharmaceuticals. Accordingly, the recent COVID-19 pandemic brought about an increased production of medical protective materials made from plastics such as face masks, plastic syringes, goggles, gloves, and respirators employed to curb the spread of the coronavirus. Thus, the beneficial effects of plastics during the pandemic in an ever-increasing population cannot be overemphasized. Paradoxically speaking, these life-saving plastic materials have also been reported as life-threatening when improperly disposed of in the environment. Moreover, the quantity of plastic generated globally today is double that of plastic garbage produced 20 years ago, with most of it ending up in landfills, waterways, or seeping into the environment; causing environmental pollution. In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, the present chapter attempted to overview the relationship between the two-dimensional (positive and negative) impacts of plastic waste and population growth.