Few areas of law are as closely intertwined with scientific epistemology, research, and science as are lawsuits pertaining to climate-specific claims and rights. In light of the paramount importance of the scientific aspects of climate change, this chapter provides an overview of the scientific framework of climate change. The main emphasis hereby resides within the explanation of the climate system, its natural as well as anthropogenic change and the effects accompanied by such. Shifting the focus to the legal sphere, this chapter then proceeds to offer preliminary remarks on the litigation-specific dimension, with the central question of the proper classification and definition of climate change litigation at the heart of this section. By elucidating the various stages of climate change litigation and emerging trends, it facilitates a more comprehensive examination of causation within this specific domain of legal discourse.