This chapter deals with the most dynamic aspect of sustainability, namely with the massively used and arguably inherently contradictory expression—sustainable development. It has been argued that sustainability is about maintaining, while development is about changing. Well, it can be argued that the very wording “sustainable development” suggests that it is a process that creates growth, progress, (positive) change or additions and that such a process can be maintained at a certain rate or level. In our anthropological perspective, it is assumed that sustainable development is orchestrated by and for humans. Similar to sustainability, the understanding of sustainable development must consider its historical and conceptual roots in the evolving context (Sect. 7.1). For the last four decades, pursuant to the majority tenor, the definition of sustainable development has been set by the UN via the Brundtland Report (Sect. 7.2). Although the EU participates in and endorses UN endeavours, including the Brundtland Report, the currently prevailing definition of sustainable development by internal EU sources is slightly different (Sect. 7.3). This ultimately leads to the discussion about what is the current status quo of the perception of sustainable development in the European setting and what are its prospects (Sect. 7.4).